how does a jaw crusher work
how does a jaw crusher work
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Jaw crusher is a kind of crushing equipment widely used in mining, construction, metallurgy and other industries. It is mainly used for coarse and medium crushing of ores and rocks of various hardness. Its working principle is based on extrusion crushing, and the material is crushed by the relative movement between the movable jaw and the fixed jaw. The following is the detailed working principle of the jaw crusher:
1. Main structure
The main components of the jaw crusher include:
-Fixed jaw (fixed jaw plate): fixed on the front wall of the frame, usually made of high manganese steel, with high wear resistance.
Moving jaw (movable jaw plate): driven by eccentric shaft and connecting rod mechanism, reciprocating motion.
Eccentric shaft: driven by the motor to rotate and drive the movable jaw to move.
Connecting rod and toggle plate: transmit power and adjust the movement trajectory of the movable jaw.
Adjustment device: used to adjust the size of the discharge port and control the particle size of the crushed material.
Spring device: used to protect the equipment from damage when encountering unbreakable objects.
2. Working Principle
The working process of the jaw crusher can be divided into the following steps:
(1) Feeding
The material enters from the feed port of the crusher and falls into the crushing chamber between the fixed jaw and the movable jaw.
(2) Extrusion crushing
The motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate through the pulley.
The rotation of the eccentric shaft drives the connecting rod and the movable jaw to reciprocate.
When the movable jaw approaches the fixed jaw, the material is crushed by the extrusion force.
When the movable jaw moves away from the fixed jaw, the crushed material moves downward under the action of gravity and is discharged from the discharge port.
(3) Discharge
The crushed material is discharged through the gap between the movable jaw and the fixed jaw (discharge port).
The size of the discharge port can be adjusted by the adjustment device to control the final particle size of the material.
3. Movement characteristics
The movement trajectory of the movable jaw of the jaw crusher is a complex elliptical shape, which mainly includes the following two movements:
Horizontal movement: pushing the material downward.
Vertical movement: applying extrusion force to the material to achieve crushing.
This compound motion enables the jaw crusher to crush materials efficiently while reducing equipment wear.
4. Advantages
Simple structure: easy to manufacture and maintain.
Wide application range: can crush materials of various hardness.
High crushing ratio: usually 4-6, can crush large pieces of material into smaller particles.
Stable operation: high equipment reliability and low failure rate.
5. Application areas
Jaw crushers are widely used in the following fields:
Mining industry: used for crushing ore, rock, etc.
Construction industry: used for crushing concrete, construction waste, etc.
Metallurgical industry: used for crushing metallurgical slag, etc.
Chemical industry: used for crushing chemical raw materials, etc.
6. Precautions
Material hardness: avoid crushing ultra-hard materials that exceed the equipment's tolerance range.
Feed particle size: feed particle size should meet equipment requirements to avoid blockage.
Lubrication and maintenance: regularly lubricate eccentric shafts, bearings and other components to extend equipment life.
Safe operation: do not put your hands or tools into the crushing chamber during operation.
In short, the jaw crusher crushes materials through the extrusion movement of the movable jaw and the fixed jaw. It has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation and wide application range. It is an indispensable and important equipment in the mining and construction industries.
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Article Title:how does a jaw crusher work
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